创建表
表是建立在数据库中的,在不同的数据库中可以存放相同的表。甚至可以通过使用模式在同一个数据库中创建相同名称的表。
语法格式
创建表。
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ]table_name ({ column_name data_type [ compress_mode ] [ COLLATE collation ] [column_constraint[ ... ] ] | table_constraint | LIKE source_table [ like_option [...] ] } [, ... ]) [ WITH ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] ) ] [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ COMPRESS | NOCOMPRESS ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ];
其中列约束column_constraint为:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK ( expression ) | DEFAULT default_expr | UNIQUE index_parameters | PRIMARY KEY index_parameters } [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE | INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
其中列的压缩可选项compress_mode为:
{ DELTA | PREFIX | DICTIONARY | NUMSTR | NOCOMPRESS }
其中表约束table_constraint为:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { CHECK ( expression ) | UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters | PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters | PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) } [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE | INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
其中like选项like_option为:
{ INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES | STORAGE | COMMENTS |PARTITION | RELOPTIONS | ALL }
其中索引参数index_parameters为:
[ WITH ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] ) ] [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
示例
创建简单的表。
CREATE TABLE public.warehouse_t1 ( W_WAREHOUSE_SK INTEGER NOT NULL, W_WAREHOUSE_ID CHAR(16) NOT NULL, W_WAREHOUSE_NAME VARCHAR(20) , W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT INTEGER , W_COUNTRY VARCHAR(20) , W_GMT_OFFSET DECIMAL(5,2) );
创建表,并指定W_STATE字段的缺省值为GA。
CREATE TABLE public.warehouse_t2 ( W_WAREHOUSE_SK INTEGER NOT NULL, W_WAREHOUSE_ID CHAR(16) NOT NULL, W_COUNTY VARCHAR(30) , W_STATE CHAR(2) DEFAULT 'GA', W_ZIP CHAR(10) , W_COUNTRY VARCHAR(20) , W_GMT_OFFSET DECIMAL(5,2)
创建一个带有70%填充因子的表。
CREATE TABLE public.warehouse_t3 ( W_WAREHOUSE_SK INTEGER NOT NULL, W_COUNTRY VARCHAR(20) , W_GMT_OFFSET DECIMAL(5,2) ) WITH(fillfactor=70);
创建表,并指定该表数据不写入预写日志。
CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE public.warehouse_t4 ( W_WAREHOUSE_SK INTEGER NOT NULL, W_COUNTRY VARCHAR(20) , W_GMT_OFFSET DECIMAL(5,2) );
创建表临时表。
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE warehouse_t5 ( W_WAREHOUSE_SK INTEGER NOT NULL, W_COUNTRY VARCHAR(20) , W_GMT_OFFSET DECIMAL(5,2) );
创建表时,指定表空间PG_DEFAULT。
CREATE TABLE public.warehouse_t6 ( W_ID INTEGER NOT NULL, W_NAME VARCHAR(20) , W_MAIL VARCHAR(40) ) TABLESPACE PG_DEFAULT;
创建一个有主键约束的表。
CREATE TABLE public.warehouse_t7 ( W_WAREHOUSE_SK INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, W_WAREHOUSE_ID CHAR(16) NOT NULL, W_COUNTRY VARCHAR(20) , W_GMT_OFFSET DECIMAL(5,2) );
创建一个有复合主键约束的表。
CREATE TABLE public.warehouse_t8 ( W_WAREHOUSE_SK INTEGER NOT NULL, W_WAREHOUSE_ID CHAR(16) NOT NULL, W_WAREHOUSE_NAME VARCHAR(20), W_COUNTRY VARCHAR(20), W_GMT_OFFSET DECIMAL(5,2), CONSTRAINT W_CSTR_KEY2 PRIMARY KEY(W_WAREHOUSE_SK, W_WAREHOUSE_ID) );
定义一个检查列约束。
CREATE TABLE public.warehouse_t9 ( W_WAREHOUSE_SK INTEGER CHECK (W_WAREHOUSE_SK > 0), W_WAREHOUSE_ID CHAR(16) NOT NULL, W_WAREHOUSE_NAME VARCHAR(20) CHECK (W_WAREHOUSE_NAME IS NOT NULL), W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT INTEGER , W_GMT_OFFSET DECIMAL(5,2) );
向表中增加一个varchar列。
ALTER TABLE public.warehouse_t1 ADD W_GOODS_CATEGORY varchar(30);
给表增加一个检查约束。
ALTER TABLE public.warehouse_t2 ADD CONSTRAINT W_CONSTR_KEY4 CHECK (W_WAREHOUSE_SK >10);
给一个已存在字段添加非空约束。
ALTER TABLE public.warehouse_t3 ALTER COLUMN W_COUNTRY SET NOT NULL;
重命名已存在的表。
ALTER TABLE public.warehouse_t4 RENAME TO newtab;
删除表。
DROP TABLE public.warehouse_t1; DROP TABLE public.warehouse_t2; DROP TABLE public.warehouse_t3;